[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":604},["ShallowReactive",2],{"public-metadata":3,"rule-traffic-lights:en":42},{"banks":4,"signCount":21,"officialExam":22,"readiness":35},{"abc":5,"dt":18},{"questionCount":6,"groupCount":7,"groupIds":8},1050,10,[9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,7],1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,{"questionCount":19,"groupCount":7,"groupIds":20},1380,[9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,7],311,{"questionCount":23,"passScore":24,"visionQuestionCount":11,"sections":25},20,18,[26,28,31,33],{"groups":27,"count":10},[10],{"groups":29,"count":30},[9,12,13,14,15,16,17],15,{"groups":32,"count":10},[11],{"groups":34,"count":9},[7],{"weights":36,"recentTests":11,"ready":40,"almost":41},{"accuracy":37,"recentTests":38,"coverage":39},0.45,0.35,0.2,85,65,{"rule":43,"next":83,"others":124},{"slug":44,"title":45,"summary":46,"icon":47,"readMinutes":12,"sections":48,"remember":75,"commonMistakes":79,"relatedGroup":14,"rulebookPart":82},"traffic-lights","Traffic lights and the traffic controller","What traffic light signals, arrows and the controller’s gestures mean.","traffic-light",[49,57,64,70],{"heading":50,"body":51,"points":52,"refs":54},"Round signals","Green permits movement; flashing green warns that a prohibiting signal is about to come on. Yellow prohibits movement — but if you cannot stop without sharp braking, you may continue. Red (including flashing red) and red-and-yellow prohibit movement.",[53],"Flashing yellow: an unregulated intersection or crossing — priority signs and rules apply",[55,56],"traffic-signals:7","traffic-signals:19",{"heading":58,"body":59,"refs":60},"Arrows and additional sections","Arrow signals apply only in the direction of the arrow; a left arrow also permits a U-turn. When moving on a green arrow of an additional section while the main light is yellow or red, give way to vehicles from other directions. An additional section that is off prohibits that direction.",[61,62,63],"traffic-signals:8","traffic-signals:10","intersections:91",{"heading":65,"body":66,"refs":67},"The traffic controller","Arm raised: everyone stops. Arms out to the sides or lowered: only traffic from the left and right sides may move (straight and right). Right arm forward: traffic from the left may go in any direction, from the chest side only to the right. The controller’s signals override traffic lights and signs.",[68,69],"traffic-signals:16","traffic-signals:20",{"heading":71,"body":72,"refs":73},"Where to stop","On a prohibiting signal, stop before the “Stop line” marking or sign 6.16; if there is none, before the carriageway being crossed or before the traffic light, without impeding pedestrians.",[74],"traffic-signals:18",[76,77,78],"Yellow means stop — unless you can’t without sharp braking","Flashing yellow: the intersection is unregulated","The controller overrides lights and signs",[80,81],"Moving off on red-and-yellow","Driving on an additional-section arrow without giving way to other directions","traffic-signals",{"slug":84,"title":85,"summary":86,"icon":87,"readMinutes":11,"sections":88,"remember":116,"commonMistakes":120,"relatedGroup":16,"rulebookPart":123},"speed-limits","Speed limits","Armenia’s speed limits in built-up areas, outside them and on motorways.","gauge",[89,94,103,109],{"heading":90,"body":91,"refs":92},"In built-up areas","The limit in built-up areas is 60 km\u002Fh. In residential zones (signs 5.21–5.22) and courtyards it is 20 km\u002Fh.",[93],"speed:68",{"heading":95,"body":96,"points":97,"refs":101},"Outside built-up areas","The limit depends on the vehicle.",[98,99,100],"Cars and lorries up to 3.5 t: 90 km\u002Fh, on motorways 110 km\u002Fh","Intercity buses, minibuses and motorcycles: 90 km\u002Fh","Other buses, cars towing a trailer, lorries over 3.5 t: 70 km\u002Fh, on motorways 90 km\u002Fh",[102],"speed:69",{"heading":104,"body":105,"refs":106},"Signs and special cases","Sign 3.24 can set a lower or a higher limit, but no more than 80 km\u002Fh in a built-up area and 110 km\u002Fh outside. When carrying people in a lorry body or groups of children: 60 km\u002Fh maximum; when towing: 50 km\u002Fh.",[107,108],"speed:70","speed:71",{"heading":110,"body":111,"refs":112},"Choose a safe speed","The limit is a maximum, not a target: take traffic, the road and the weather into account. When a hazard appears, slow down, up to stopping. Driving unnecessarily slowly and braking sharply when it isn’t needed to prevent an accident are prohibited.",[113,114,115],"speed:65","speed:67","speed:72",[117,118,119],"Built-up 60, outside 90, motorway 110 (cars)","Residential zones and courtyards: 20","Towing: 50",[121,122],"Assuming the town limit is 50 km\u002Fh — in Armenia it is 60","Driving at 110 km\u002Fh on an ordinary road — 110 is only for motorways","speed",[125,167,83,210,258,301,343,381,436,473,513],{"slug":126,"title":127,"summary":128,"icon":129,"readMinutes":12,"sections":130,"remember":159,"commonMistakes":163,"relatedGroup":9,"rulebookPart":166},"general-rules","General rules","Driving on the right, choosing a lane, lights and carrying children — according to the official rules.","book",[131,142,152],{"heading":132,"body":133,"points":134,"refs":137},"Keep right","Traffic in Armenia drives on the right. Outside built-up areas, and on motorways, roads for motor vehicles or wherever more than 80 km\u002Fh is allowed, keep as close to the right edge as possible and don’t use the left lanes while the right ones are free. In built-up areas you may use whichever lane is convenient.",[135,136],"With 3 or more lanes in one direction, the leftmost lane is only for heavy traffic, overtaking, left turns and U-turns","Lorries over 3.5 t may use the leftmost lane only to turn left or make a U-turn",[138,139,140,141],"general-provisions:2","lane-position:55","lane-position:56","lane-position:57",{"heading":143,"body":144,"points":145,"refs":148},"Lights","In the dark, in poor visibility and in tunnels, main or dipped beam must be on. In daylight, dipped beam is required on motorcycles and mopeds, in an organised convoy, when carrying groups of children and when towing.",[146,147],"Switch main beam to dipped at least 150 m before an oncoming vehicle","On lit roads in built-up areas, dipped beam only",[149,150,151],"lights-and-horn:127","lights-and-horn:133","lights-and-horn:128",{"heading":153,"body":154,"refs":155},"Children in the car","Children under 7 must ride in a child restraint suited to their weight and height. From 7 to 12, a child restraint or a seat belt — but in the front seat of a car only a child restraint. Children under 12 may not ride on the back seat of a motorcycle.",[156,157,158],"carrying-people:159","carrying-people:159.1","carrying-people:159.3",[160,161,162],"Outside towns: keep right; left lanes only when the right ones are busy","Dipped beam in daylight is mandatory on motorcycles and when towing","Under 12 in the front seat: only in a child seat",[164,165],"Driving in the left lane outside town while the right lane is free","Seating a 10-year-old in the front with only a seat belt","general-provisions",{"slug":168,"title":169,"summary":170,"icon":171,"readMinutes":13,"sections":172,"remember":203,"commonMistakes":207,"relatedGroup":13,"rulebookPart":168},"intersections","Intersections","Who goes first at intersections of main and equal roads and on roundabouts.","intersection",[173,182,189,194],{"heading":174,"body":175,"points":176,"refs":178},"Main and minor roads","A driver approaching on a minor road gives way to vehicles on the main road, whichever way they go next. If the main road changes direction at the intersection, drivers on it follow the rules for equal roads among themselves.",[177],"If you can’t tell whether your road is paved (dark, mud, snow) and there are no priority signs, assume you are on the minor road",[179,180,181],"intersections:96","intersections:97","intersections:101",{"heading":183,"body":184,"refs":185},"Equal roads","At an intersection of equal roads, give way to vehicles approaching from the right. When turning left or making a U-turn, give way to oncoming vehicles going straight or turning right. A tram has priority over non-rail vehicles, whichever way it goes.",[186,187,188],"intersections:98","intersections:99","intersections:100",{"heading":190,"body":191,"refs":192},"Roundabouts","When entering a roundabout marked with sign 4.3 “Roundabout”, give way to vehicles already on it.",[193],"intersections:98.1",{"heading":195,"body":196,"points":197,"refs":199},"Regulated intersections","When turning left or making a U-turn on a green light, give way to oncoming vehicles going straight or right. Even on green, give way to vehicles still finishing their crossing.",[198],"Don’t enter an intersection if a jam ahead would make you stop and block crossing traffic",[200,201,202],"intersections:88","intersections:90","intersections:94",[204,205,206],"Equal roads: give way to the right","Roundabout with sign 4.3: vehicles on the roundabout go first","Turning left: give way to oncoming traffic going straight or right",[208,209],"Entering an intersection into a jam and blocking crossing traffic","Thinking a turn signal gives you priority",{"slug":211,"title":212,"summary":213,"icon":211,"readMinutes":12,"sections":214,"remember":250,"commonMistakes":254,"relatedGroup":15,"rulebookPart":257},"parking","Stopping and parking","Where you may stop and park, and the distances to remember.",[215,222,236,243],{"heading":216,"body":217,"refs":218},"Where you may","Stop and park on the right side of the road, by the pavement or on the verge, or if there is none, at the edge of the carriageway — in a single row parallel to the edge. In built-up areas you may stop on the left only on roads with one lane in each direction and no tram tracks in the middle, and on one-way roads.",[219,220,221],"stopping-and-parking:78","stopping-and-parking:79","stopping-and-parking:80",{"heading":223,"body":224,"points":225,"refs":230},"No stopping","Stopping is prohibited on level crossings, in tunnels, on and under bridges and flyovers, and:",[226,227,228,229],"on a pedestrian crossing and within 5 m before it","within 5 m of the edge of a crossing carriageway","within 15 m of a public transport stop sign","where less than 3 m would remain to a solid line or an obstacle",[231,232,233,234,235],"stopping-and-parking:84","stopping-and-parking:84\u002F3","stopping-and-parking:84\u002F4","stopping-and-parking:84\u002F6","stopping-and-parking:84\u002F7",{"heading":237,"body":238,"refs":239},"No parking","Parking is prohibited everywhere stopping is, and also outside built-up areas on the carriageway of roads marked with sign 2.1 “Priority road”, and within 50 m of level crossings.",[240,241,242],"stopping-and-parking:86","stopping-and-parking:86\u002F3","stopping-and-parking:86\u002F4",{"heading":244,"body":245,"refs":246},"Forced stop","If you have to stop where stopping is prohibited, switch on the hazard lights, place the warning triangle (at least 15 m away in built-up areas, 30 m outside) and take steps to move the vehicle away.",[247,248,249],"stopping-and-parking:83","hazard-warning:23","hazard-warning:23+1",[251,252,253],"Pedestrian crossing 5 m, stop sign 15 m, level crossing 50 m","At least 3 m to a solid line","Warning triangle: 15 m in town, 30 m outside",[255,256],"Stopping right before a zebra crossing","Parking on the carriageway of a priority road outside town","stopping-and-parking",{"slug":259,"title":260,"summary":261,"icon":262,"readMinutes":11,"sections":263,"remember":294,"commonMistakes":298,"relatedGroup":17,"rulebookPart":259},"overtaking","Overtaking","When and how you may overtake, and where it is prohibited.","overtake",[264,269,276,288],{"heading":265,"body":266,"refs":267},"Before overtaking","Make sure the oncoming lane is clear for a sufficient distance, the vehicle behind hasn’t started overtaking, the vehicle ahead hasn’t signalled to overtake or turn left, and that you can return to your lane afterwards without hindering anyone.",[268],"overtaking:73",{"heading":270,"body":271,"refs":272},"How","Overtake only on the left. You may overtake on the right only a vehicle whose driver has signalled a left turn and started the manoeuvre. The driver being overtaken must not speed up or hinder you in any other way.",[273,274,275],"overtaking:74","overtaking:75","overtaking:76",{"heading":277,"body":278,"points":279,"refs":286},"Overtaking is prohibited","Overtaking is prohibited:",[280,281,282,283,284,285],"at intersections and on pedestrian crossings","on level crossings and within 100 m before them","in tunnels, on and under bridges and flyovers, where the road narrows","at the end of a climb and where visibility is limited, if it means entering the oncoming lane","if the driver ahead is overtaking","of a vehicle with a blue beacon and special siren on",[287],"overtaking:77",{"heading":289,"body":290,"refs":291},"Warning","Outside built-up areas you may warn of your intention to overtake with the horn or by flashing your lights (in daylight, switching the headlights on and off; in the dark, switching from dipped to main beam).",[292,293],"lights-and-horn:136","lights-and-horn:137",[295,296,297],"Overtake on the left (on the right only past a vehicle turning left)","No overtaking within 100 m before a level crossing","The overtaken driver must not speed up",[299,300],"Overtaking at the end of a climb across the oncoming lane","Speeding up while being overtaken",{"slug":302,"title":303,"summary":304,"icon":305,"readMinutes":11,"sections":306,"remember":335,"commonMistakes":339,"relatedGroup":9,"rulebookPart":342},"pedestrians","Pedestrians","When to give way to pedestrians — at crossings, when turning, in residential zones and at stops.","pedestrian",[307,316,322,328],{"heading":308,"body":309,"points":310,"refs":312},"Unregulated crossings","Don’t impede pedestrians crossing at an unregulated pedestrian crossing. If a vehicle in the next lane has slowed down or stopped before the crossing, continue only after making sure there are no pedestrians in front of it.",[311],"Don’t enter a crossing if a jam beyond it would make you stop on the crossing",[313,314,315],"pedestrian-crossings:103","pedestrian-crossings:104","pedestrian-crossings:106",{"heading":317,"body":318,"refs":319},"Signal-controlled crossings and turns","When the permissive signal comes on, let pedestrians finish crossing. When leaving an intersection after turning right or left, don’t impede pedestrians crossing the carriageway.",[320,321,202],"pedestrian-crossings:105","intersections:87",{"heading":323,"body":324,"refs":325},"Blind pedestrians","In all cases, including away from crossings, don’t impede blind pedestrians signalling with a white cane.",[326,327],"pedestrian-crossings:107","pedestrian-crossings:108",{"heading":329,"body":330,"refs":331},"Residential zones and stops","In a residential zone pedestrians have priority and may walk on the carriageway. Don’t impede pedestrians walking to or from a bus standing at a stop. When approaching a bus with the “Carrying children” mark, slow down and stop if necessary.",[332,333,334],"residential-zones:119","public-transport:126","carrying-people:156",[336,337,338],"Unregulated crossing: give way to pedestrians","When the light turns green, let pedestrians finish crossing","In residential zones pedestrians have priority",[340,341],"Passing a car stopped before a crossing without seeing the pedestrian in front of it","Not giving way to pedestrians when turning","pedestrian-crossings",{"slug":344,"title":345,"summary":346,"icon":347,"readMinutes":10,"sections":348,"remember":373,"commonMistakes":377,"relatedGroup":17,"rulebookPart":380},"emergency-vehicles","Emergency and special vehicles","What to do when you see vehicles with blue, red or yellow beacons.","siren",[349,356,362,368],{"heading":350,"body":351,"refs":352},"Blue beacon and siren","Give way to a vehicle approaching with a blue beacon and special siren. With blue and red beacons, slow down and also give way to the vehicles it escorts. Such a driver may use priority only after making sure others are giving way.",[353,354,355],"special-signals:28","special-signals:29","special-signals:26",{"heading":357,"body":358,"refs":359},"Stationary special vehicles","When approaching a stationary vehicle with a blue (or blue and red) beacon, slow down so that you can stop immediately if needed. When approaching a stationary vehicle with a red beacon, stop and continue only after receiving permission.",[360,361],"special-signals:30","special-signals:31",{"heading":363,"body":364,"refs":365},"Yellow and orange beacons","Yellow or orange beacons do not give priority; they warn of a hazard (road works, oversized or dangerous loads).",[366,367],"special-signals:32","special-signals:33",{"heading":260,"body":369,"refs":370},"Overtaking a vehicle with a blue beacon and siren on, or a vehicle with blue and red beacons or one it escorts, is prohibited.",[371,372],"overtaking:77\u002F6","overtaking:77\u002F7",[374,375,376],"Blue + siren: give way","Stationary vehicle with a red beacon: stop and wait for permission","Yellow\u002Forange beacons give no priority",[378,379],"Overtaking a vehicle with a blue beacon and siren on","Thinking a vehicle with a yellow beacon has priority","special-signals",{"slug":382,"title":383,"summary":384,"icon":385,"readMinutes":12,"sections":386,"remember":429,"commonMistakes":433,"relatedGroup":12,"rulebookPart":382},"road-markings","Road markings","Which lines you may cross, what the yellow markings mean and what takes precedence.","markings",[387,398,411,416,423],{"heading":388,"body":389,"points":390,"refs":393},"Solid and broken lines","Solid lines 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 must not be crossed. Exceptions: line 1.1 may be crossed to enter or leave a parking space, and line 1.2 to stop on the verge where stopping is permitted.",[391,392],"Broken lines 1.5–1.8 may be crossed from either side","Combined line 1.11: from the broken side, and also from the solid side when completing an overtake",[394,395,396,397],"road-markings:1.26+1","road-markings:1.26+2","road-markings:1.26+3","road-markings:1.26+6",{"heading":399,"body":400,"points":401,"refs":406},"Colours","Permanent markings are white, temporary ones orange. Yellow are:",[402,403,404,405],"1.4 solid yellow line: no stopping or parking","1.10 broken yellow line: no parking","1.17 yellow zigzag: public transport stop or taxi rank","1.26 yellow grid: intersection box",[407,408,409,410],"signs-and-markings:170","road-markings:1.4","road-markings:1.10","road-markings:1.17",{"heading":412,"body":413,"refs":414},"The 1.26 “box”","Don’t enter an area marked with 1.26 if a jam ahead would make you stop and block crossing traffic (except when turning right or left as permitted).",[415,200],"road-markings:1.26",{"heading":417,"body":418,"refs":419},"Stop line, give-way line, zebra","1.12 “Stop line” shows where to stop on a prohibiting signal or at sign 2.5. 1.13 shows where to stop, if necessary, and give way to traffic on the crossing road. 1.14.1–1.14.2 mark a pedestrian crossing.",[420,421,422],"road-markings:1.12","road-markings:1.13","road-markings:1.14.1, 1.14.2",{"heading":424,"body":425,"refs":426},"What takes precedence","If markings conflict with a temporary sign on a portable stand, follow the sign. Temporary (orange) markings take precedence over permanent ones. Temporary signs take precedence over permanent signs.",[427,428],"signs-and-markings:174","signs-and-markings:172",[430,431,432],"Solid: don’t cross; broken: may cross","1.4 yellow solid: no stopping; 1.10 yellow broken: no parking","Orange temporary markings override white ones",[434,435],"Crossing solid line 1.1 to turn or go around","Entering the yellow box when there is a jam ahead",{"slug":437,"title":438,"summary":439,"icon":440,"readMinutes":11,"sections":441,"remember":465,"commonMistakes":469,"rulebookPart":472},"hand-signals","Driver hand signals","When and how to signal by hand: left or right turn and braking (left-hand and right-hand drive).","alert",[442,451,458],{"heading":443,"body":444,"points":445,"refs":448},"Left turn and U-turn","For LHD: the driver extends the left arm straight out of the left window. For RHD: the driver extends the right arm out of the right window, bent upwards at a right angle at the elbow.",[446,447],"Warns of a left turn, U-turn, or changing to the left lane","The signal stops immediately before the maneuver so the driver can hold the steering wheel with both hands",[449,450],"starting-and-maneuvering:36","starting-and-maneuvering:37",{"heading":452,"body":453,"points":454,"refs":457},"Right turn","For LHD: the driver extends the left arm out of the left window, bent upwards at a right angle at the elbow. For RHD: the driver extends the right arm straight out of the right window.",[455,456],"Warns of a right turn or changing to the right lane","Also applies when pulling over to the roadside or curb",[449,450],{"heading":459,"body":460,"points":461,"refs":464},"Braking and stopping","The braking and stopping signal is given by raising the arm straight up (left arm for LHD, right arm for RHD). This warns traffic behind of deceleration or an upcoming stop.",[462,463],"The signal is given before beginning to brake","Crucial in emergencies or if brake lights are malfunctioning",[449,450],[466,467,468],"Hand signals are given when direction indicators are missing or broken","The signal is given before maneuvering and ceases immediately before commencing the maneuver","Giving a hand signal confers no priority and does not exempt from ensuring safety",[470,471],"Keeping the arm out while maneuvering instead of holding the steering wheel with both hands","Confusing the right turn signal with the braking signal (elbow bent up = turn, straight up = stop\u002Fbrake)","starting-and-maneuvering",{"slug":474,"title":475,"summary":476,"icon":477,"readMinutes":12,"sections":478,"remember":506,"commonMistakes":510,"relatedGroup":9,"rulebookPart":166},"demerit-points","9-point demerit system and fines","How annual demerit points work in Armenia, how many points each offence deducts, and when a driving licence is suspended.","shield",[479,486,496],{"heading":480,"body":481,"points":482,"refs":485},"How the 9-point system works","Every holder of an Armenian driving licence receives 9 points for a 12-month period. Traffic offences recorded by cameras or patrol officers deduct between 0.5 and 4 points in addition to the administrative fine.",[483,484],"The 9-point balance resets automatically 12 months after allocation","When 3 or fewer points remain, a driver may pass a theory test once a year to restore 2 points",[],{"heading":487,"body":488,"points":489,"refs":495},"Speeding deduction brackets","Point deductions for exceeding the speed limit depend on how much faster than the limit you drive:",[490,491,492,493,494],"11–20 km\u002Fh over the limit: fine only (0 points)","21–40 km\u002Fh over the limit: -2 points","41–60 km\u002Fh over the limit: -3 points","61–80 km\u002Fh over the limit: -4 points","81+ km\u002Fh over the limit: immediate suspension \u002F severe administrative penalty",[],{"heading":497,"body":498,"points":499,"refs":505},"Common offences by point tier (0.5–4 points)","How everyday and exam-tested traffic violations map to point deductions:",[500,501,502,503,504],"0.5 points: improper parking (double-parking or blocking the pavement), minor road-marking violations","1 point: driving without a seatbelt, using a handheld phone while driving, crossing a solid lane line","2 points: running a red light, failing to yield to pedestrians on a crossing, driving the wrong way on a one-way street","3 points: illegal entry into the oncoming lane, obscuring a licence plate","4 points: speeding by 61–80 km\u002Fh, driving without licence plates or severe safety violations",[],[507,508,509],"Every driver receives 9 points per 12-month period","Exhausting all 9 points suspends driving privileges for 6 months","Speeding brackets: 11–20 km\u002Fh (0 pts), 21–40 km\u002Fh (-2 pts), 41–60 km\u002Fh (-3 pts), 61+ km\u002Fh (-4 pts)",[511,512],"Thinking 11–20 km\u002Fh speeding deducts points (it carries a monetary fine only)","Forgetting that exhausting a second 9-point balance within 1 year revokes the licence for 1 year and requires re-taking the exam",{"slug":514,"title":515,"summary":516,"icon":517,"readMinutes":13,"sections":518,"remember":596,"commonMistakes":600},"practical-exam","Practical driving exam","The 11 official steps of the practical exam that the examiner marks as correct or incorrect, from preparing the car to stopping it.","car",[519,526,533,540,547,554,561,568,575,582,589],{"heading":520,"body":521,"points":522,"refs":525},"Preparation before driving","Adjust the seat so you sit correctly, set the rear-view mirrors, seat belt and head restraints (if adjustable) and check that all doors are closed. Check the tyres, steering wheel, brakes, fluids (engine oil, coolant, washer fluid), lights, reflectors, direction indicators and horn, that the boot is closed, and the parking brake.",[523,524],"Seat first, then mirrors, then the seat belt","The examiner may ask you to show a fluid level or switch on the lights",[],{"heading":527,"body":528,"points":529,"refs":532},"Moving off","Start the engine, release the parking brake, switch on the indicator and move off smoothly without stalling.",[530,531],"Signal before moving, not after","Check the mirrors and the blind spot",[],{"heading":534,"body":535,"points":536,"refs":539},"Driving on the road","After leaving the parking place or the side of the road, drive on straight roads, including confined areas and bends, and cross intersections, road crossings and junctions.",[537,538],"Keep to the right and keep a safe distance","Apply the priority rules at every intersection",[],{"heading":541,"body":542,"points":543,"refs":546},"Hill start","Move off smoothly on an uphill slope without stalling and without rolling back more than 20 cm.",[544,545],"Use the parking brake to stop the car rolling back","Rolling back more than 20 cm is marked as a mistake",[],{"heading":548,"body":549,"points":550,"refs":553},"U-turn in a confined area","In an area of limited width, make a U-turn using reverse gear once, without stalling and without crossing the boundary lines of the area.",[551,552],"Reverse gear may be engaged only once","The wheels must not touch the boundary line",[],{"heading":555,"body":556,"points":557,"refs":560},"Reverse parking","In an area of limited width, park in reverse using reverse gear once, without stalling and without crossing the boundary lines of the area.",[558,559],"Check the mirrors and rear window before reversing","Straighten the wheels and stop fully inside the marked bay",[],{"heading":562,"body":563,"points":564,"refs":567},"Changing lanes","Change lanes, signalling in advance and giving way to vehicles moving in the same direction.",[565,566],"Mirror → signal → blind spot → manoeuvre","Never cross a solid line",[],{"heading":569,"body":570,"points":571,"refs":574},"Overtaking and passing obstacles","Overtake other vehicles (where possible) and pass obstacles such as parked cars.",[572,573],"Make sure the oncoming lane is clear before overtaking","Leave enough side clearance when passing",[],{"heading":576,"body":577,"points":578,"refs":581},"Turning","Turn right and left, taking the correct position in advance and signalling.",[579,580],"Give way to pedestrians crossing the road you turn into","When turning left, give way to oncoming traffic going straight",[],{"heading":583,"body":584,"points":585,"refs":588},"U-turn on the road","Make a U-turn where it is allowed, taking the far-left position in advance and giving way.",[586,587],"U-turns are not allowed on pedestrian crossings or where visibility is under 100 m","Give way to oncoming traffic",[],{"heading":590,"body":591,"points":592,"refs":595},"Stopping and securing the car","Stop the car with the indicator on, then switch off the engine, apply the parking brake and put the gear lever in the correct position.",[593,594],"Stop only where stopping is allowed","Do not forget the parking brake",[],[597,598,599],"The examiner marks each of the 11 steps as correct or incorrect","The overall result is either positive or negative","On a hill start, the car must not roll back more than 20 cm",[601,602,603],"Forgetting the seat belt or mirror adjustment before moving off","Stalling the engine during a manoeuvre","Engaging reverse gear more than once in the confined-area exercises",1794565600638]